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We call 'substance': |
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(1) the simple bodies, i.e. earth and fire and
water and everything of the sort, and in general bodies and the things
composed of them, both animals and divine beings, and the parts of
these. |
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(2) That which,
being present in such things as are not predicated of a subject, is
the cause of their being, as the soul is of the being of an animal. |
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(3) The parts which are present in such things, limiting them and marking
them as individuals, and by whose destruction the whole is destroyed,
as the body is by the destruction of the plane, as some say, and the
plane by the destruction of the line; |
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(4) The essence, the formula of
which is a definition, is also called the substance of each thing. |
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It follows, then, that 'substance' has two senses, (A) ultimate substratum,
which is no longer predicated of anything else, and (B) that which,
being a 'this', is also separable and of this nature is the shape
or form of each thing. |
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created 1996/11/25 modified 2009/04/26